Release Date: Xbox 360 August 27, 2008. PS3 August 31, 2010. PC, macOS September 26, 2012. Xbox One September 9, 2015. Nintendo Switch,PS4 September 17, 2019. Some MacBook Pro or Air users may want to disable their internal screen when the laptop is connected to an external display, this is generally achieved in two ways but since Mac OS X 10.7 the internal screen is more persistent and wants to stay on. Windows, Mac OS: Notes: A typing game released by SSI Tristar for computers, the game has seven stages, each based on a portion of the manga (covering up to Ken's first battle with Raoh). A re-release titled Second Edition was released in 2000.
Uncover the story-behind-the-story from one of the scariest tales ever, a hidden object adventure of darkness, shadows and frights! On a night as black as ink, Christine’s plans for a romantic getaway go horribly awry. It starts with a. ...
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Discover the torment of a tragic hero in Mystery Legends - Phantom of the Opera Discover the torment of a tragic hero in Mystery Legends - Phantom of the Opera, a stunning adventure based on the timeless story.Years after Christine and Raoul escaped the rage of the man behind the mask, the ruins of the Paris Opera House now stand as a tomb to his unrequited love.
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The Digital Hub strategy
'Youknow, I've got a plan that could rescue Apple. I can't say any more than thatit's the perfect product and the perfect strategy for Apple. But nobody therewill listen to me.'
--Fortune
Apple’s so-called Digital Hubstrategy also emerged in 2000, although it
was only disclosed a year laterat Macworld San Francisco 2001 (see it in the
Movie Theater).
The Digital Hub strategy was atake on the future of personal computing
that went against a common beliefthat had developed toward the end of
the 1990s. Many analysts were soenthusiastic about the success of the
Internet that they were convincedthe personal computer was soon to
disappear. It would evolve into amere terminal whose only purpose would
be to access all kinds of contenton the Web. The consensus was that the
current state of the PC was a dull,boring box, and that any innovation had
stopped in the industry.
Steve Jobs and Apple thought differently. They were among the very few
that professed quite theopposite: the PC had a very exciting future. As they
put it, it had evolved throughoutthe years from the age of productivity, in
the 1980s, where people used itfor spreadsheets and databases; to the age
of networking, in the 1990s,where it connected to the Internet; and it was
now, in the early 2000s, enteringits third age: that of the digital lifestyle.
Consumers were increasinglystarting to use all kinds of digital devices:
digital cameras, camcorders,music players, PDAs... But these devices didn’t
all about Steve Jobs.com
.make sense without a computer.The personal computer was going to
become the center or digital hubof this new digital lifestyle, making all its
pieces — music, photos, movies,contacts, data — come together.
It’s worth stopping and lookingback at this for a minute. See, it’s such
decisions that have made SteveJobs worthy of his reputation of hi-tech
visionary. He certainly isn’talways right: he never believed in Pixar’s success
in making animated movies, forexample, until the very last months before
Toy Story was released. Hethought NeXT would become a new standard in
personal computing, and Pixar’sRenderMan would allow mere mortals to
draw 3D objects just as easily asthey laid out and printed newsletters. He
also released computers thatflopped badly, from the NeXT Cube to the G4
Cube, released in July 2000 anddiscontinued just one year later. But he
really did see the future atseveral points in his career: first, of course, with
the personal computer, which ledhim to start Apple. Then with graphical
user interfaces, and later withdesktop publishing, on the original
Macintosh. We can now say withoutdoubt that the digital hub strategy was
another one of those greatvisions, one that has turned Apple from a niche
computer company to thecomputer/music/consumer electronics
powerhouse it is today.
Looking back at this success,Steve summed it all up in this particularly
telling phrase:
The great thing is that Apple'sDNA hasn't changed. The place where Apple
has been standing for the lasttwo decades is exactly where computer
technology and the consumerelectronics markets are converging. So it's
not like we're having to crossthe river to go somewhere else; the other side
of the river is coming to us.
Steve Jobs in How Big Can AppleGet?, Fortune, February 2005
Indeed, if you look back at whathad always inspired Steve Jobs, it was
simplicity, ease of use, usingcomputers to do creative work, and making
your life easier. He alwayslooked up to Sony, to which he was thankful for
creating the consumer electronicsbusiness... in a way, he always dreamed
of what Apple is doing today, andprepared the company for it, even
unconsciously.
It started with iMovie, a digitalmovie editing application that Apple
introduced in 1999. As opposed tothe digital hub strategy, one can think of
iMovie as one of Steve’serroneous visions. He thought that “desktop
movies”, i.e. the ability toshoot movies with digital camcorders and edit
them on your computer, was goingto be the next big thing in personal
computing, yet another “nextdesktop publishing revolution.” It was one of
his main points when heintroduced the iMac DVs in late 1999.
But quickly enough, he realizedhe was wrong. Users didn’t embrace
desktop movies as fast as hehoped, and certainly PC users didn’t switch to
the Mac to use iMovie. However,they did go online to download music
all about Steve Jobs.com
.over Napster, as digital piracyreally started to emerge by the turn of the
century.
It was the starting point of thedigital hub strategy. Apple’s software
developers began work on a coupleof new digital lifestyle applications,
namely iDVD, to burn your movieson DVDs, and especially iTunes, the
digital music jukebox. iTunes wasactually written in less than five months,
which exemplifies the panic ofSteve when he realized Apple was late
catching up with the digitalmusic revolution. The company actually didn’t
start from scratch, as theybrought in an outside developer who was
working on a similar piece ofsoftware to save some time.
However, Cupertino didn’t alwaysplan to develop all its digital lifestyle
applications in-house. After all,they had enough work on their hands with
bringing their new operatingsystem to market. That’s why they went to
one of their main softwarepartners, Adobe, maker of Photoshop, and asked
them to develop a consumerversion of their photo editing software for the
Mac. To their surprise, Adoberefused, as the company didn’t believe in the
digital hub strategy and wasalready having a hard time porting their
existing apps to the new OS Xplatform. That’s why Apple started releasing
the so-called iApps one after theother.
The iApps were a digital suite ofapplications that eventually evolved into
iLife, which Apple branded as“Microsoft Office forthe rest of your life.” They
all had the same purpose ofmaking our emerging digital lives easier. In
addition to iMovie, iDVD andiTunes, iPhoto was released in 2002, followed
by iCal later that year,GarageBand (for recording and editing music) in
2004, and iWeb (for makingwebsites) in 2006. The reason Apple was able to
develop such breakthroughsoftware so rapidly was mainly Mac OS X, with
its object-oriented environmentinherited from NeXTSTEP.
Although the iApps were reallythe foundation for Apple’s future lead in the
consumer electronics business,that’s not what they were envisioned for.
They were intended as killerapps, i.e. apps that would compel consumers
to buy a Mac just so that theycould use them. More precisely, they were
supposed to entice Windows usersto switch to the Mac, as there was no
similar complete digital-lifesolution on their platform.
“5 down, 95 to go”
The digital hub strategy itselfwas just one part of Steve’s greater plan to
finally gain market share in thePC market. Since he had returned to Apple,
the Cupertino company was stuckat around 5% of the overall PC market,
even though most industryanalysts acknowledged the superiority of its
operating system, and theinnovations in its hardware.
One other plan was an aggressiveTV campaign called “Switchers”. Its ads
showed several former PC userswho had switched to the Mac and were
describing how it had made theirlife so much easier. The purpose of the
campaign was to encourage peoplewho were thinking of switching but
were a little afraid to do so, byshowing them someone who had made the
change and was happy with it.
Yet the riskiest strategic moveApple did to seduce Windows users was to
get into the retailing business.
It was far from an obviouschoice. Once again, there was a consensus in the
industry that brick-and-mortarcomputer retailing had had its day. The new
model was Dell, which onlyshipped computers directly to customers after
they were purchased on itswebsite. The one company that had their own
computer boutiques, Gateway, wasactually closing them because they
were huge money sinks.
But Steve’s vision was different. He understood that Windows users
wouldn’t even consider Appleunless they would actually see how Macs
worked and could help them runtheir digital lives effortlessly.He
envisioned “lifestyle stores”that would showcase Apple’s products working
with digital devices, that peoplecould pick up and test drive on the spot.
The stores would be in veryexpensive locations, in popular malls or in the
center of shopping districts.
To help get into retailing, Stevehad former Gap executive Mickey Drexler
join the Apple board as early as1999, then hired Ron Johnson away from
Target in late 2000. After monthsof experimentation, Apple inaugurated
their first Retail Store in May2001, in the midst of the industry’s postInternet bubble crisis. Almost everyexpert agreed they would turn out an
expensive mistake...
Steve Jobs behind the Genius Barat New York’s SoHo Apple Retail Store in 2002.
Notice the huge black and whitephotographs, so typical of him.The iPod revolution
1,000 songs in your pocket
Although Mac OS X, the digitalhub strategy, the breakthrough hardware
and the retail stores all playeda role in Apple’s renaissance, they were not
the essential key that made itall come together. As you probably know,
that key was a little shiny whitedevice the size of a pack of cigarettes called
the iPod.
The iPod was of course anintegral part of Apple’s vision of the digital
lifestyle. When they looked atthe big picture, they realized that, unlike the
digital camera and camcordermarkets, the digital music player market did
not yet offer compelling products to work with your Mac.That’s how the
idea of making such a devicein-house arose, in early 2001, after iTunes was
introduced and the companystarted focusing on the digital music
revolution.
Just like iTunes, Steve Jobswanted to get a product out to market quickly,
to catch up with the rest of theindustry. That’s why he turned to an outside
engineer, PortalPlayer founderTony Fadell, who had notoriously tried to sell
his prototype of a little MP3player to several consumer electronics
company. Fadell joined Apple inFebruary 2001, and the iPod shipped only
nine months later, in lateOctober 2001, just in time for the holiday season.
The original iPod distinguisheditself from its competition for several
reasons. Apart from its gorgeouslook, its click wheel and user interface
made browsing through one’s musiccollection very easy and fast; it had a
hard drive which could store upto 5GB, or “a thousand songs in your pocket”,
which was Apple’s tag-line forthe new product; it connected to your Mac
via FireWire, which was 30 timesfaster than your typical USB MP3 player;
and it synced with iTunesseamlessly: you just had to plug it in, and the
software took care of the rest.
There was simply no other MP3player that matched any one of those
breakthrough features. iPodquickly became a very, very hot product for
music lovers... and digitalpirates. It was quickly acknowledged as “the
Walkman of the digital age”, aseven Windows users either hacked it or
moved to the Mac just so thatthey could use it.
Apple was confused about how toreact to this unexpected success. They
could decide to continue limitingiPod to Macs, so that it would entice PC
users to switch; or they couldmake it Windows-compatible, which would
broaden their target and showusers unfamiliar with Apple how good their
products could get. At MacworldNew York in July 2002, Steve announced
they had opted for the secondsolution.
The iTunes Music Store
Once Apple had step foot in themusic business with iPod, they started
looking at content. At the time,most people either ripped their CDs on
their Macs or downloaded musicillegally on peer-to-peer networks.
Recognizing they were in a uniqueposition to do so, Apple decided to try
and come up with a legal solutionby building an online music store. They
had enough experience to do sothanks to their own popular online store
on apple.com, as well as theirQuickTime movie trailers, which had taught
them how to handle massivedownloads on their servers.
Moreover, they were able tonegotiate with the music companies because
they were still a niche player.The majors were trying hard to fight Napster,
but they were reluctant to launchonline stores, afraid that it would destroy
their current business model. ButiTunes could only run on Macs, which
were still a fraction of the PCmarket — so they viewed Apple’s proposal as
an opportunity to try a new modelwith limited risks.
Steve Jobs used his negotiationskills to have the labels agree on a unique
price: $0.99 for each track, and$9.99 for whole albums. Although Apple
would not get much from theiTunes Store, they expected it to drive iPod
sales, as purchased music couldonly be played on their player.
So, on April 28 2003, Steveunveiled the iTunes Music Store at a special
Music event. The results quicklyexceeded the company’s best hopes. Five
million songs were sold in justeight weeks, and another eight million in the
following fifteen weeks, bringingiTunes’ share of legal music downloads to
70% — yet it was still onlyMac-compatible!